সংজ্ঞা
This procedure is done to repair a detached retina in the eye. The retina is a thin sheet, made of light-sensitive nerve tissue and blood vessels, that lines the back of the eye. The sensory layer of the retina receives images and sends them to the brain. This layer can be pulled away (detached) from its normal position. This will result in a loss of vision. The retina often detaches from the back of the eye in a manner similar to wallpaper peeling off a wall. The detachment is usually preceded by a hole or tear in the retina.
পদ্ধতির কারণ
This procedure is done to place the retina back into its proper position. It is used to try to restore vision.
If your vision was good before the detachment, a successful operation usually restores vision to good levels. If vision was poor before the detachment, final visual return may be slow and remain incomplete after surgery. A peripheral retinal detachment will likely heal quicker than one that involves the macula (central retina) or a total detachment.
The longer the retina has been detached, the less likely it is that vision will be restored.
সম্ভাব্য জটিলতা
Complications are rare, but no procedure is completely free of risk. If you are planning to have this repair, your doctor will review a list of possible complications which may include:
- Redetachment of the retina—Sometimes, the retina detaches again following surgery. More surgery would be needed. In severe cases, this complication may be irreversible.
- Endophthalmitis—A serious infection can occur inside the eye.
- Proliferative vitreoretinopathy—This condition causes progressive contraction and scarring of the retina after a repair. This may require surgery. In severe cases, this complication may be irreversible.
জটিলতার ঝুঁকি বাড়াতে পারে এমন কারণগুলির মধ্যে রয়েছে:
- Poor general health
- Degree of retinal damage
- ছানি
- গ্লুকোমা
কি আশা করছ
পদ্ধতির আগে
You will have a comprehensive eye exam, likely including some or all of the following:
- Visual acuity—Your vision will be checked using a chart with letters or numbers.
- Slit lamp examination—A special instrument will be used to look at the front of your eye.
- Tonometry —The pressure inside your eye will be measured.
- Dilated retinal exam—Special drops will dilate (enlarge) your pupils. Your retina will then be examined with special lights and lenses.
- B-scan—A special ultrasound instrument will be used to view the inside of the eye.
You may also have a general medical exam prior to your surgery. This may include some or all of the following:
- রক্ত এবং প্রস্রাব পরীক্ষা
- Chest x-ray —a test that uses radiation to take a picture of structures inside the body
- Electrocardiogram (EKG) —a measure of the electrical activity of the heart
আপনার পদ্ধতি পর্যন্ত নেতৃত্ব:
- পদ্ধতিতে এবং থেকে একটি যাত্রার ব্যবস্থা করুন।
- Do not eat or drink anything for at least 8 hours before the procedure.
আপনার ওষুধ সম্পর্কে আপনার ডাক্তারের সঙ্গে কথা বলুন। পদ্ধতির এক সপ্তাহ আগে আপনাকে কিছু ওষুধ খাওয়া বন্ধ করতে বলা হতে পারে, যেমন:
- অ্যাসপিরিন বা অন্যান্য প্রদাহ বিরোধী ওষুধ
- রক্ত পাতলাকারী, যেমন ক্লোপিডোগ্রেল (প্লাভিক্স) বা ওয়ারফারিন (কুমাদিন)
এনেস্থেশিয়া
You may have either a local or general anesthetic. Local anesthesia will be injected and numb the area. General anesthesia will make you sleep. The type of anesthesia used will depend on the type of procedure, your age, and other factors.
পদ্ধতির বর্ণনা
There are several surgical options to repair retinal detachment. The most common are:
Scleral Buckle
A flexible silicone band will be permanently stitched to the outside surface of the back of the eye. This is done underneath the skin of the eye. You would never see the band. This band acts like a belt. It buckles the area of the detachment or retinal tear to the wall of the eye. This procedure has a high সফলতার মাত্রা in re-attaching the retina. Local or general anesthesia is used.
Pneumatic Retinopexy
A gas bubble will be injected into the cavity of the eye. The pressure will force the retina back into position. You will often need to lie in a special position to keep the gas bubble in place. The retina will usually re-attach within several days. A laser (heat) or cryotherapy (cold) will help seal the retina back into place.
This method generally has a high success rate. It is not suitable for all types of detachment. Local anesthesia is sometimes used. The main benefit of this procedure is that it can be done in the office with anesthetic eye drops.
Vitrectomy (Removal of the Vitreous Humor)
This method may be needed for more complicated retinal detachments. It may also be used if the procedures described above are not successful. The fluid in the eye as well as any scar tissue will be removed. The fluid will then be replaced with a gas bubble or specialized oil known as silicone oil. The bubble or oil will help push the retina back against the eye wall. Retinal breaks will then be sealed with a laser or cryotherapy. A scleral buckle procedure is often done at the same time. Local or general anesthesia is used.
এতে কতক্ষণ সময় লাগবে?
Between 1-4 hours
এটা কতটা আঘাত করবে?
Anesthesia prevents pain during the procedure. During recovery, you may experience some pain or nausea. Your doctor can give you medicine to manage any pain.
গড় হাসপাতালে থাকার
You can usually go home the same day as the surgery.
পোস্ট-প্রক্রিয়া যত্ন
Your eye will be covered with a bandage and metal shield. When you return home, do the following to help ensure a smooth recovery:
- Do not remove the patch until instructed to do so. The patch is often removed the next day.
- If your doctor instructs you to keep your head in a certain position, do so as much as possible. Keep the position even when eating, sleeping, and bathing.
- Do not allow your eye to come into contact with running water until allowed by your doctor.
- Avoid strenuous physical activity until allowed by your doctor.
- Your doctor will schedule follow-up appointments to monitor your recovery.
- You can often return to work within 1-2 weeks of surgery if cleared by your doctor.
- আপনার ডাক্তারের নির্দেশাবলী অনুসরণ করতে ভুলবেন না।
The final visual result may not be known for 1-2 years after surgery.
আপনার ডাক্তারকে কল করুন
আপনি হাসপাতাল ছেড়ে যাওয়ার পরে, নিম্নলিখিতগুলির মধ্যে যেকোনটি ঘটলে আপনার ডাক্তারের সাথে যোগাযোগ করুন:
- Any change in vision
- জ্বর এবং ঠাণ্ডা সহ সংক্রমণের লক্ষণ
- Redness, swelling, increasing pain, bleeding, or excessive discharge from your eye
- কাশি, শ্বাসকষ্ট বা বুকে ব্যথা
- কোনো নতুন উপসর্গ
জরুরী পরিস্থিতিতে, অবিলম্বে চিকিৎসা সহায়তার জন্য কল করুন।