تعريف
This procedure is done to repair a detached retina in the eye. The retina is a thin sheet, made of light-sensitive nerve tissue and blood vessels, that lines the back of the eye. The sensory layer of the retina receives images and sends them to the brain. This layer can be pulled away (detached) from its normal position. This will result in a loss of vision. The retina often detaches from the back of the eye in a manner similar to wallpaper peeling off a wall. The detachment is usually preceded by a hole or tear in the retina.
أسباب هذا الإجراء
This procedure is done to place the retina back into its proper position. It is used to try to restore vision.
If your vision was good before the detachment, a successful operation usually restores vision to good levels. If vision was poor before the detachment, final visual return may be slow and remain incomplete after surgery. A peripheral retinal detachment will likely heal quicker than one that involves the macula (central retina) or a total detachment.
The longer the retina has been detached, the less likely it is that vision will be restored.
المضاعفات المحتملة
Complications are rare, but no procedure is completely free of risk. If you are planning to have this repair, your سيقوم الطبيب بمراجعة القائمة of possible complications which may include:
- Redetachment of the retina—Sometimes, the retina detaches again following surgery. More surgery would be needed. In severe cases, this complication may be irreversible.
- Endophthalmitis—A serious infection can occur inside the eye.
- Proliferative vitreoretinopathy—This condition causes progressive contraction and scarring of the retina after a repair. This may require surgery. In severe cases, this complication may be irreversible.
تشمل العوامل التي قد تزيد من خطر حدوث مضاعفات ما يلي:
- Poor general health
- Degree of retinal damage
- إعتام عدسة العين
- Glaucoma
ما يمكن توقعه
قبل الإجراء
You will have a comprehensive eye exam, likely including some or all of the following:
- Visual acuity—Your vision will be checked using a chart with letters or numbers.
- Slit lamp examination—A special instrument will be used to look at the front of your eye.
- Tonometry —The pressure inside your eye will be measured.
- Dilated retinal exam—Special drops will dilate (enlarge) your pupils. Your retina will then be examined with special lights and lenses.
- B-scan—A special ultrasound instrument will be used to view the inside of the eye.
You may also have a general medical exam prior to your surgery. This may include some or all of the following:
- اختبارات الدم والبول
- Chest x-ray —a test that uses radiation to take a picture of structures inside the body
- Electrocardiogram (EKG) —a measure of the electrical activity of the heart
المؤدية إلى الإجراء الخاص بك:
- للترتيب من الإجراء.
- Do not eat or drink anything for at least 8 hours before the procedure.
التحدث مع طبيبك عن الأدوية الخاصة بك. قد يطلب منك التوقف عن تناول بعض الأدوية تصل إلى أسبوع واحد قبل العملية مثل:
- الأسبرين أو غيره من العقاقير المضادة للالتهابات
- سيولة الدم, مثل كلوبيدوجريل (بلافيكس) أو الوارفارين (الكومادين)
التخدير
You may have either a local or general anesthetic. Local anesthesia will be injected and numb the area. General anesthesia will make you sleep. The type of anesthesia used will depend on the type of procedure, your age, and other factors.
الوصف الداخلي
There are several surgical options to repair retinal detachment. The most common are:
Scleral Buckle
A flexible silicone band will be permanently stitched to the outside surface of the back of the eye. This is done underneath the skin of the eye. You would never see the band. This band acts like a belt. It buckles the area of the detachment or retinal tear to the wall of the eye. This procedure has a high معدل النجاح in re-attaching the retina. Local or general anesthesia is used.
Pneumatic Retinopexy
A gas bubble will be injected into the cavity of the eye. The pressure will force the retina back into position. You will often need to lie in a special position to keep the gas bubble in place. The retina will usually re-attach within several days. A laser (heat) or cryotherapy (cold) will help seal the retina back into place.
This method generally has a high success rate. It is not suitable for all types of detachment. Local anesthesia is sometimes used. The main benefit of this procedure is that it can be done in the office with anesthetic eye drops.
Vitrectomy (Removal of the Vitreous Humor)
This method may be needed for more complicated retinal detachments. It may also be used if the procedures described above are not successful. The fluid in the eye as well as any scar tissue will be removed. The fluid will then be replaced with a gas bubble or specialized oil known as silicone oil. The bubble or oil will help push the retina back against the eye wall. Retinal breaks will then be sealed with a laser or cryotherapy. A scleral buckle procedure is often done at the same time. Local or general anesthesia is used.
كم من الوقت سيستغرق ؟
Between 1-4 hours
كم هو مؤلم ؟
Anesthesia prevents pain during the procedure. During recovery, you may experience some pain or nausea. Your doctor can give you medicine to manage any pain.
متوسط الإقامة في المستشفى
You can usually go home the same day as the surgery.
رعاية ما بعد العملية
Your eye will be covered with a bandage and metal shield. When you return home, do the following to help ensure a smooth recovery:
- Do not remove the patch until instructed to do so. The patch is often removed the next day.
- If your doctor instructs you to keep your head in a certain position, do so as much as possible. Keep the position even when eating, sleeping, and bathing.
- Do not allow your eye to come into contact with running water until allowed by your doctor.
- Avoid strenuous physical activity until allowed by your doctor.
- Your doctor will schedule follow-up appointments to monitor your recovery.
- You can often return to work within 1-2 weeks of surgery if cleared by your doctor.
- تأكد من اتباع تعليمات طبيبك.
The final visual result may not be known for 1-2 years after surgery.
استدعاء الطبيب
بعد مغادرة المستشفى، اتصل بطبيبك في حالة حدوث أي مما يلي:
- Any change in vision
- علامات الإصابة, بما في ذلك حمى وقشعريرة
- Redness, swelling, increasing pain, bleeding, or excessive discharge from your eye
- سعال أو ضيق في التنفس أو ألم في الصدر
- Any new symptoms
في حالة الطوارئ ، اتصل على المساعدة الطبية على الفور.