সংজ্ঞা
Intervertebral discs are located between each backbone (vertebra). When damaged, these discs can put pressure on nerves as they leave the spinal cord. An intervertebral diskectomy is a back surgery that removes all or part of these discs. The procedure is most often done on lumbar discs (located in the lower back). It may also be done on cervical discs in the neck. There are two methods for this surgery:
- Open procedure—A large incision is made.
- Microdiskectomy—Small incisions are made, and the doctor inserts tiny instruments through these incisions.
পদ্ধতির কারণ
These discs normally serve as cushions between the bones. The discs can become damaged or dry with age. Injury can also cause a disc to bulge (or herniate). These changes can create pressure on nerves leaving the spine. This can cause pain, numbness, and weakness.
The best time to have this surgery is debatable. This is because—for some patients—having early surgery may not result in less pain or disability. In most cases, surgery is only done after other treatments have failed. Other treatments typically include:
- বিশ্রাম
- শারীরিক চিকিৎসা
- ওষুধগুলো
The goal of surgery is to eliminate pain, weakness, and numbness caused by the disc pressing on a nerve. You may feel relief right away, or it may take months for the nerve root to heal. In some cases, your symptoms may not improve. Your doctor will carefully evaluate you before surgery to determine what the best option is.
সম্ভাব্য জটিলতা
Complications are rare, but no procedure is completely free of risk. If you are planning to have intervertebral diskectomy, your doctor will review a list of possible complications, which may include:
- রক্তপাত
- সংক্রমণ
- নার্ভ ক্ষতি
- Bladder or bowel incontinence
- Leakage of spinal fluid
- Another herniated disk (may happen within the first three months after surgery)
জটিলতার ঝুঁকি বাড়াতে পারে এমন কারণগুলির মধ্যে রয়েছে:
- Chronic conditions (eg, diabetes)
- Prior spine surgeries
- উন্নত বয়স
- ধূমপান
অস্ত্রোপচারের আগে আপনার ডাক্তারের সাথে এই ঝুঁকিগুলি নিয়ে আলোচনা করতে ভুলবেন না।
কি আশা করছ
পদ্ধতির আগে
আপনার ডাক্তার সম্ভবত নিম্নলিখিতগুলি করবেন:
- শারীরিক পরীক্ষা
- Ask about the pain and when it started
- Obtain an MRI scan —a test that uses magnetic waves to make pictures of structures inside the back
- Discography —an imaging test used to detect a herniated disk; involves injecting dye into a disc in the spine and taking an x-ray to determine if there are any leaks
আপনার পদ্ধতি পর্যন্ত নেতৃত্ব:
- আপনার ওষুধ সম্পর্কে আপনার ডাক্তারের সঙ্গে কথা বলুন। পদ্ধতির এক সপ্তাহ আগে আপনাকে কিছু ওষুধ খাওয়া বন্ধ করতে বলা হতে পারে, যেমন:
- প্রদাহ বিরোধী ওষুধ (যেমন, অ্যাসপিরিন)
- Blood thinners, like clopidogrel (Plavix) or warfarin (Coumadin)
- Arrange to have someone drive you home. Also, arrange for someone to help you at home.
- Eat a light meal the night before the surgery. Do not eat or drink anything after midnight.
- Wear comfortable clothing to the hospital.
এনেস্থেশিয়া
General anesthesia will be used. It will block any pain and keep you asleep during surgery.
পদ্ধতির বর্ণনা
There are different types of surgical procedures, including:
Anterior Cervical Diskectomy
A cut will be made in the skin on the left or right side of the neck. The doctor will go through a muscle to reach the spine. The disc material will be removed after the doctor uses an x-ray to confirm that it is the correct disc. A portion of the bone may be removed to give the nerve more space. A bone graft may be placed to fuse the vertebrae.
Posterior Cervical Diskectomy
A cut will be made in the skin at the back of the neck. The muscles will be pushed aside. A small piece of bone will be removed to get to the disc space ( laminectomy). Next, the doctor will gently push the nerve aside and remove the disc material.
Lumbar Diskectomy
The doctor will make a 1-1½ inch cut in the skin on the lower back. The muscles will be moved out of the way. A small part of the bone may need to be removed to gain access to the nerve and disc. The disc or disc fragments will then be removed.
এতে কতক্ষণ সময় লাগবে?
This depends on:
- Which method your doctor uses (open or minimally invasive)
- Which procedure you need
For example, the minimally invasive surgery may take longer, but the recovery is faster.
এটা কতটা আঘাত করবে?
You will have pain while recovering. Your doctor will give you pain medicine.
গড় হাসপাতালে থাকার
এই surgery is most commonly done in a hospital setting. It may be possible to go home on the same day of the surgery. If you have a cervical diskectomy, you may have to stay in the hospital for a few days.
পোস্ট-প্রক্রিয়া যত্ন
Follow your doctor’s instructions . Bending, lifting, or twisting may be limited for six weeks. You will work with a physical therapist to stretch and strengthen your muscles. This will help to decrease the risk of future back problems. Ask your doctor about when it is safe to shower, bathe, or soak in water.
আপনার ডাক্তারকে কল করুন
আপনি হাসপাতাল ছেড়ে যাওয়ার পরে, নিম্নলিখিতগুলির মধ্যে যেকোনটি ঘটলে আপনার ডাক্তারের সাথে যোগাযোগ করুন:
- জ্বর এবং ঠাণ্ডা সহ সংক্রমণের লক্ষণ
- লালভাব, ফোলাভাব, ক্রমবর্ধমান ব্যথা, অত্যধিক রক্তপাত, বা ছেদ স্থান থেকে কোনো স্রাব
- অসাড়তা বা ঝনঝন
- ব্যথা যা আপনি ওষুধ দিয়ে নিয়ন্ত্রণ করতে পারবেন না
- Pain, burning, urgency or frequency of urination, or bleeding in the urine
- কাশি, শ্বাসকষ্ট বা বুকে ব্যথা
- Loss of bladder or bowel control
জরুরী পরিস্থিতিতে, অবিলম্বে চিকিৎসা সহায়তার জন্য কল করুন।