সংজ্ঞা
Emphysema is a long-term disease of the lungs. It is a problem with the tiny air sacs that make up the lungs. These tiny elastic sacs should stretch to fill with air and then get smaller as air moves out of the lungs. Emphysema is caused by the destruction of these air sacs. This makes it difficult to move air in and out of the lungs.
Emphysema is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
কারণসমূহ
Emphysema is caused by damage to the air sacs of the lung. This damage may be caused by:
- ধূমপান
- টক্সিন বা অন্যান্য বিরক্তিকর শ্বাস নেওয়া
- Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency (A1AD)—a genetic defect which can cause emphysema at an early age
ঝুঁকির কারণ
Emphysema is more common in people over 40 years old. Other factors that may increase your risk of emphysema include:
- ধূমপান
- Long-term secondhand or passive smoke exposure
- Family members with emphysema
- Exposure to pollutants at work
- ঘন ঘন শৈশব ফুসফুসের সংক্রমণের ইতিহাস
লক্ষণ
Early symptoms include:
- কাশি
- Increased sputum production (mucus from deep in the lungs)
- ঘ্রাণ
- কার্যকলাপ সহ শ্বাসকষ্ট
As the disease progresses, you may have:
- Increased shortness of breath.
- Rapid breathing.
- Choking sensation when lying flat. You may need to prop up with pillows or sleep in a chair.
- ক্লান্তি।
- Trouble concentrating.
- Barrel chest, which is an increase in chest size.
- Increased risk of serious lung infections.
- Heart problems.
- Coughing up thick and/or bloody mucus.
- ওজন কমানো.
- Breathing through pursed lips.
- Desire to lean forward to improve breathing.
- More frequent flare-ups, which are periods of more severe symptoms.
রোগ নির্ণয়
ডাক্তার আপনার লক্ষণ এবং চিকিৎসা ইতিহাস সম্পর্কে জিজ্ঞাসা করবে। একটি শারীরিক পরীক্ষা সম্পন্ন করা হবে।
Your doctor will need to test how impaired your lungs may be. This may be done with:
- Lung function tests, called spirometry—to test the force of your breath
- Arterial blood gas test—to test oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood
Your doctor may also need detailed pictures of your lungs. This may be done with:
- বুকের এক্স - রে
- সিটি স্ক্যান
চিকিৎসা
There is no cure for emphysema. Treatment is focused on managing symptoms and improving your quality of life. .
চিকিৎসার বিকল্প may include one or more of the following:
Smoking Cessation
Quitting smoking slows the disease. It the most important part of treatment. There are many programs to help you quit including:
- Behavior change program
- ঔষধ
- Combination of behavior program and medication
Environmental Management
Limit the number of irritants in the air you breathe. It may help make breathing easier. Avoid smoke, dust, smog, extreme heat or cold, and high altitudes.
ঔষধ
Medication for emphysema may help by:
- শ্বাসনালী খোলা
- শ্বাস প্রশ্বাসের প্যাসেজ শিথিল করা
- Decreasing swelling
- Treating lung infections with antibiotics
কিছু ওষুধ বড়ি বা তরল হিসাবে নেওয়া যেতে পারে। অন্যদের শ্বাস-প্রশ্বাসের ওষুধ যা সরাসরি ফুসফুসে পৌঁছে দেওয়া হয়।
টিকা
The flu and pneumonia can make your symptoms worse. Get vaccinated againstpneumonia and the flu. The flu vaccine may also reduce flare-ups.
অক্সিজেন
Oxygen therapy may be helpful if the oxygen levels in your blood are too low. It can relieve trouble breathing and improve energy. You may only need it for specific activities or it may be given throughout the day.
ব্যায়াম
বিশেষ ব্যায়াম বুকের পেশী শক্তিশালী করতে পারে। এটি শ্বাস নেওয়া সহজ করতে পারে।
Regular physical activity can reduce the workload on your lungs by building you endurance. Physical activity is also associated with improved quality of life. Follow your doctor’s recommendations for activity levels and restrictions.
শ্বাস এবং কাশি কৌশল
Special methods of breathing can help bring more air into the lungs. They can also help force trapped air out of the lungs. Effective coughing techniques can also help clear mucus from your lungs. Ask your doctor if these techniques can help you. Some examples include:
- পার্সড ঠোঁট শ্বাস
- নিয়ন্ত্রিত কাশি কৌশল
পুষ্টি
Eating habits to consider with emphysema:
- স্বাস্থ্যকর খাবার খান. এটা কম হতে হবে সম্পৃক্ত চর্বি. It should also be rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grain foods.
- Maintain a normal weight. Excess weight causes the lungs and heart to work harder.
- It may be hard to eat because you feel full. Try eating several smaller meals during the day instead of a few large meals.
- Slow down your eating pace. This will make it easier to breathe.
- If you need to ওজন লাভ, add food or drinks throughout the day. Talk to a dietitian about how many calories you need each day.
জীবনধারা পরিবর্তন
The following may help you manage emphysema symptoms:
- আপনার কার্যকলাপ গতি.
- মানসিক চাপ পরিচালনা করার জন্য শিথিলকরণ কৌশল এবং অন্যান্য পদ্ধতি শিখুন।
- Seek emotional support from professionals, family, and friends. Anxiety can increase your breathing rate.
সার্জারি
A small number of people may benefit from surgery. Surgery options include removing a part of the lung or a lung transplant.
প্রতিরোধ
To reduce your chance of getting emphysema, take these steps:
- If you smoke, quit
- Avoid exposure to secondhand smoke
- Avoid exposure to বায়ু দূষণ or irritants
- Wear protective gear if exposed to irritants or toxins at work
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