تعريف
Heavy menstrual bleeding (also called menorrhagia) is excessive menstrual blood loss that interferes with a woman’s quality of life.
أسباب
In some cases, the cause is not known. However, many conditions have been associated with menorrhagia, such as:
- Uterine fibroid
- Bleeding disorder (eg, von Willebrand disease)
- عدم التوازن الهرموني
- Cervical or endometrial polyp
- Ovarian cyst
- أدوية معينة
- Intrauterine device (IUD)
عوامل الخطر
Factors that may increase the risk of menorrhagia include:
- Being an adolescent
- Approaching menopause
الأعراض
Symptoms of menorrhagia include:
- Menstrual bleeding lasting more than seven days
- Unusually heavy bleeding (soaking through a sanitary napkin or tampon every hour)
- Menstrual flow requiring change of sanitary protection during the night
- Menstrual flow including large clots
- Menstrual flow interfering with lifestyle
- Fatigue and/or shortness of breath (symptoms of anemia)
متى يجب أن أتصل بطبيبي؟
Call your doctor if you have symptoms of menorrhagia.
التشخيص
Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. A physical examination, including a pelvic exam, will be done. Tests may include:
- Pap test
- تحاليل الدم
- Transvaginal ultrasound
- Endometrial biopsy (removal of a sample of endometrial tissue)
- Dilation and curettage (scraping of the inner lining of the uterus)
- Hysteroscopy (examination of the cervix and fallopian tubes)
العلاج
Treatment depends on the underlying cause of the heavy menstrual bleeding. Your doctor will work with you to create a treatment plan.
الأدوية
Your doctor may recommend:
- Hormonal therapy
- An IUD that releases the hormone progesterone
- أدوية مضادة للإلتهاب خالية من الستيرود
- Iron supplement
Surgical Procedures
في بعض الحالات ، قد تكون هناك حاجة لعملية جراحية ، مثل:
- Dilation and curettage
- Operative hysteroscopy (may be used along with other tools to remove a polyp)
- Endometrial ablation (removal of the lining of the uterus)—This procedure reduces your chance of becoming pregnant.
- Hysterectomy (removal of the uterus)—After this procedure, you will not be able to become pregnant.
الوقاية
There are no specific steps to prevent this condition.