تعريف
Chondrosarcoma is a type of cancer. It grows in cartilage cells in the body. Cartilage is the connective tissue. Most bones are created from cartilage. It is found in many areas of the body.
This cancer is typically found in the cartilage cells of the femur, arm, pelvis, knee, and spine. Rarely, the ribs and other areas may also be affected.
The condition is uncommon. It is the second most common type of bone cancer. It most often strikes between the ages of 50-70. Chondrosarcoma rarely strikes individuals younger than 20.
يحدث السرطان عندما تنقسم خلايا الجسم دون سيطرة أو نظام. إذا استمرت الخلايا في الانقسام بشكل لا يمكن السيطرة عليه، تتشكل كتلة من الأنسجة. وهذا ما يسمى النمو أو الورم. يشير مصطلح السرطان إلى الأورام الخبيثة. يمكن أن تغزو الأنسجة المجاورة وتنتشر إلى أجزاء أخرى من الجسم.
As with all cancers, the prognosis or outcome depends upon how large the tumor is and whether it has spread to distant structures.
أسباب
The cause of this cancer is not fully known. Some cases may be due to genetic factor.
عوامل الخطر
Certain factors seem to be common among individuals who develop chondrosarcoma, these include:
- Enchondroma—a benign bone tumor often found in the hands
- Osteochondroma —excess cartilage or bone found at the end of a growth plate
- Multiple osteochondromas (bone tumors)
- Ollier’s disease, which causes a group of enchondromas
- Maffucci’s syndrome, which causes a combination of multiple endochondromas and various tumors
الأعراض
Symptoms will vary from person to person. The location and severity of the tumor will affect them. The most common symptoms of chondrosarcoma include:
- Large lump or mass on a bone
- Pressure surrounding the mass
- Pain that worsens at night
- Pain that responds to anti-inflammatory pain relievers
- Pain that does not improve with rest
- Pain that gradually worsens over time and may last for years
التشخيص
الطبيب سوف يسأل عن الأعراض والتاريخ الطبي. الفحص السريري سيتم القيام به.
وقد تشمل الاختبارات التالية:
- Biopsy —removal of a sample of tissue to check for a tumor (to diagnose a malignancy)
- X-ray —a test that uses radiation to take images of tissues, bones, and cartilage
- CT scan —a type of x-ray that uses a computer to make pictures of internal organs, bones, and cartilage
- MRI scan —a test that uses magnetic waves to make pictures of internal organs, bones, and cartilage
- PET/CT scan —a test to evaluate the metabolic activity of tissues
- Blood tests—to determine abnormalities in the blood
العلاج
Treatment can vary based on your age, overall health, and stage of the disease. Talk with your doctor about the best plan for you. Treatment options include:
جراحة
This may be used to remove the tumor.
علاج إشعاعي
High energy x-rays are used to target and kill cancer cells.
العلاج الكيميائي
Drugs that kill tumor cells may be used. Chemotherapy is considered investigational in the management of chondrosarcomas.
علاج بدني
Physical therapy may be used to help the affected area heal following surgery.
الوقاية
The cause of chondrosarcoma is not fully understood. There are no known preventive steps for this condition.