दिल का दौरा

का कारण बनता है

A heart attack may be caused by:

• Thickening of the walls of the arteries feeding the heart muscle (coronary arteries)
• Accumulation of fatty plaques in the coronary arteries
• कोरोनरी धमनियों का सिकुड़ना
• Spasm of the coronary arteries
• Development of a blood clot in the coronary arteries
• Embolism that affects the coronary arteries

जोखिम कारक

These factors increase your chance of developing heart attack. Tell your doctor if you have any of these:

• लिंग पुरुष
• उम्र बढ़ गई
• मोटापा
• धूम्रपान
• उच्च रक्तचाप
• आसीन जीवन शैली
• High blood cholesterol (specifically, high LDL cholesterol, and low HDL cholesterol)
• High blood triglycerides
• मधुमेह
• तनाव
• Family members with heart disease

लक्षण

लक्षणों में शामिल हैं:

• Squeezing, heavy chest pain, especially with:
  • व्यायाम या परिश्रम
  • भावनात्मक तनाव
  • ठंड का मौसम
  • एक बड़ा भोजन
• Pain in the left shoulder, left arm, or jaw
• सांस लेने में कठिनाई
• Sweating, clammy skin
• Nausea
• कमजोरी
• Loss of consciousness
• Anxiety, especially feeling a sense of doom or panic without apparent reason

Unusual symptoms of heart attack (may occur more frequently in women):

• पेट दर्द
• Back and shoulder pain
• भ्रम
• बेहोशी

If you think you are having a heart attack, call 911 right away.

निदान

परीक्षण में शामिल हो सकते हैं:

• Blood tests—To look for certain enzymes found in the blood within hours or days after a heart attack.
• Urine tests—To look for certain substances found in the urine within hours or days after a heart attack.
• Electrocardiogram (EKG)—Records the heart’s activity by measuring electrical currents through the heart muscle, changes can show if there is blockage or damage.
• Echocardiogram—Uses high-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) to examine the size, shape, function, and motion of the heart.
• Stress test—Records the heart’s electrical activity under increased physical stress, usually done days or weeks after the heart attack.
• Nuclear scanning—Uses radioactive material to show areas of the heart muscle where there is diminished blood flow.
• Electron-beam computed tomography (EBCT)—A type of x-ray that uses a computer to make detailed pictures of the heart, coronary arteries, and surrounding structures.
• Coronary angiography—Uses dye and x-rays to look for narrowing or blockage in the coronary arteries.

उपचार

उपचार में शामिल हैं:

• ऑक्सीजन
• Pain-relieving medicine
• Nitrate medicines
• Aspirin and other antiplatelet agents
• Beta-blockers and/or angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor medicines
• Anti-anxiety medicine
• Cholesterol-lowering medicines (such as statin drugs)

Within the first six hours after a heart attack, you may be given medicines to break up blood clots in the coronary arteries. Other medicines that may be given include those that block the function of platelets.

रोकथाम

Preventing or treating coronary artery disease may help prevent a heart attack.

• स्वस्थ वजन बनाए रखें.
• Begin a safe exercise program. Follow your doctor’s advice.
• यदि आप धूम्रपान करते हैं, तो छोड़ दें।
• Eat a healthy diet. Your diet should be low in saturated fat and rich in whole grains, fruits, and vegetables.
• Properly treat long-term conditions, like high blood pressure, diabetes, and high cholesterol.
• Manage stress.
• Ask your doctor about taking a small, daily dose of aspirin.
  • Although most people are able to tolerate such a low dose of aspirin, even this small amount can rarely lead to serious bleeding, particularly from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
  • Aspirin may not work as well when combined with other pain medicines.