परिभाषा

Focal dystonia is an irregular movement disorder specific to one part of the body. In dystonia, muscle contractions cause irregular movements, twitches, tics, and twisted or repetitive postures. These may be continuous or off and on. The most common types of focal dystonia are:

  • Blepharospasm—an eye twitch
  • Cervical dystonia or spasmodic torticollis—affecting the neck
  • Segmental cranial dystonia, also known as Meige syndrome—affecting the jaw, tongue and eyes
  • Oromandibular dystonia—affecting the jaw
  • Spasmodic dysphonia—affecting the vocal cords
  • Axial dystonia—affecting the trunk
  • Dystonia of the hand/arm, such as writer’s cramp

Focal dystonia can be treated. If you suspect you have this condition, contact your doctor.

का कारण बनता है

Dystonias are caused by flaws of the basal ganglia of the brain. This is where messages that begin muscle contractions are processed. Factors that may cause focal dystonia include:

  • Birth injury, such as lack of oxygen
  • संक्रमण
  • Reactions to medicines
  • Heavy metal poisoning
  • कार्बन मोनोऑक्साइड विषाक्तता
  • सदमा
  • आघात
  • Inherited abnormalities
  • विटामिन बी12 की कमी
  • अन्य रोग

फोकल डायस्टोनिया

जोखिम कारक

Factors that can increase your risk of developing focal dystonia include:

  • Family history of dystonia
  • Recent exposure to an antinausea or antipsychotic medicine

लक्षण

If you have any of these symptoms, do not assume it is due to focal dystonia. These symptoms may be caused by other conditions:

  • Eyelid spasms
  • Rapid or uncontrollable blinking of both eyes
  • Neck twisting
  • Difficulty writing
  • Foot cramps
  • Pulling or dragging of a foot
  • Tremor
  • Voice or speech difficulties

Factors that may worsen dystonia include:

  • Excitement or agitation
  • तनाव
  • Talking
  • थकान

निदान

Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done. You may be referred to a speech-language pathologist, physical or occupational therapists, and/or genetic counselors.

परीक्षण में शामिल हो सकते हैं:

  • Your bodily fluids and tissue may need to be tested. This can be done with:
    • रक्त परीक्षण
    • मूत्र परीक्षण
    • Genetic tests
    • लकड़ी का पंचर
    • biopsy
  • The electrical activity of your muscles, nerves, and brain may need to be measured. This can be done with:
    • विद्युतपेशीलेखन
    • तंत्रिका चालन अध्ययन
    • Electroencephalography
  • Pictures may need to be taken of your head. This can be done with:
    • एमआरआई स्कैन
    • सीटी स्कैन
    • Transcranial ultrasound
  • अन्य परीक्षाओं में शामिल हो सकते हैं:
    • Neurologic evaluation—to rule out other neurological disorders
    • आंखो की परीक्षा

Focal Dystonia1

उपचार

अपने चिकित्सक के साथ बात के बारे में सबसे अच्छा उपचार योजना के लिए आप. उपचार के विकल्प में निम्न शामिल हैं:

दवाएं

Certain medicines may help correct imbalances in neurotransmitters. Medicines used to treat dystonia include:

  • Trihexyphenidyl
  • Benztropine
  • Procyclidine HCl
  • मांसपेशियों को आराम देने वाले
  • Levodopa and carbidopa
  • Bromocriptine

Anticonvulsant medicines may also help people with dystonia. Your doctor will balance treating your symptoms with reducing the risk of side effects from the medicines.

Botulinum Toxin Injections

Injecting botulinum toxin directly into the muscles affected by dystonia can weaken the muscle. This may help improve symptoms for 3-4 months.

सर्जरी

Surgery to cut the nerves leading to muscles affected by dystonia or removing the muscles may help reduce muscle contractions. In addition, surgery to destroy the small area within the brain that dystonia occurs from may stop or reduce the disorder. More recently, some success has been reported using surgically implanted deep brain stimulation to reduce symptoms of dystonia.

रोकथाम

There is no known way of preventing focal dystonia. To help reduce your chances of getting this condition, take steps to reduce your risk of infection, stroke, trauma, andcarbon monoxide or heavy metal poisoning. In addition, if you take any of the following medicines, talk with your doctor about your risk of developing dystonia as a side effect:

  • Levodopa
  • Bromocriptine
  • मनोविकार नाशक
  • Metoclopramide
  • Dilantin
  • कैल्शियम चैनल अवरोधक
  • Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
  • Ergotamines
  • एंटिहिस्टामाइन्स
शीर्ष करने के लिए स्क्रॉल