Definition
A lipoma is a harmless lump of fat. There are several types. They are classified mainly by where they appear. They can occur anywhere. The most common location is just beneath the skin.
Most tissue in the body can grow beyond its normal limits and form a lump or tumor. Tumors come in two forms:
- Benign—stop growing after they reach a certain size (eg, moles, polyps, lipomas); some can turn into cancer, but lipomas do not
- Malignant—cancer, rarely stops growing.
Causes
Lipomas have no known cause.
Risk Factors
Risk factors that increase your chances of developing a lipoma include:
- Family history—Lipomas seem to run in families.
- Lipomatosis—This is a hereditary condition that produces many lipomas all over the body.
- Adiposis dolorosa—This is a rare disease that produces many painful lipomas.
Symptoms
If you have any of these symptoms do not assume it is due to lipomas. These symptoms may be caused by other conditions. Tell your doctor if you notice a soft lump under your skin. The lump may be:
- Usually less than 5 cm in size
- Soft and able to be moved around
- Often painless
Diagnosis
Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done. The diagnosis is usually based on smoothness, softness, and ease of movement under the skin. If the diagnosis is uncertain, the area will be biopsied or imaged.
Treatment
Talk with your doctor about the best treatment plan for you. You may want to leave the lump alone. If it is growing rapidly, the lump should be biopsied. Treatment options include:
Surgical Excision
In most cases, this can be done in your doctor’s office or as outpatient surgery. This is minor surgery unless the lipoma is deep inside the body.
Liposuction
Liposuction is commonly used to remove large amounts of fat from under the skin. The procedure can also be done to remove single fatty tumors.
Prevention
There are no methods to prevent lipomas.