সংজ্ঞা
A mastectomy is a surgery done to remove breast tissue. A number of different mastectomy procedures exist, including:
- Partial mastectomy or lumpectomy—a tumor and a small margin of surrounding breast tissue is removed
- Simple mastectomy—the entire breast is removed
- Modified radical mastectomy—entire breast and some lymph nodes in the armpit are removed, but chest muscles are left in place
- Radical mastectomy—entire breast, lymph nodes, and chest muscle are removed (rarely done)
পদ্ধতির কারণ
A mastectomy is done:
- To treat breast cancer
- To prevent breast ক্যান্সার if you have a family history of the disease and are at very high risk for breast cancer (occasionally done)
- To treat severe side effects from previous treatment for স্তন ক্যান্সার (rarely done)
সম্ভাব্য জটিলতা
Complications are rare, but no procedure is completely free of risk. If you are planning to have a mastectomy, your doctor will review a list of possible complications, which may include:
- Bleeding and bruising
- Seroma (accumulation of clear fluid in the incision)
- সংক্রমণ
- Swelling of the arm caused by accumulation of fluid in lymph nodes (lymphedema)
- Limited arm and shoulder movement
- Numbness of skin on upper arm
- Pain after the procedure (burning, stabbing pain where breast was removed)
জটিলতার ঝুঁকি বাড়াতে পারে এমন কিছু কারণের মধ্যে রয়েছে:
- স্থূলতা
- কম পুষ্টি উপাদান
- ধূমপান
- সাম্প্রতিক বা দীর্ঘস্থায়ী অসুস্থতা
- Use of certain medicines or dietary supplements
অস্ত্রোপচারের আগে আপনার ডাক্তারের সাথে এই ঝুঁকিগুলি নিয়ে আলোচনা করতে ভুলবেন না।
কি আশা করছ
পদ্ধতির আগে
আপনার ডাক্তার নিম্নলিখিত করতে পারেন:
- শারীরিক পরীক্ষা
- Mammogram—a test that uses low-dose x-rays to make a picture of breast tissue
- Fine needle biopsy of the breast—a thin, hollow needle is used to remove a small tissue sample from the breast
- রক্ত পরীক্ষা
Leading up to the surgery:
- Talk to your doctor about your medicines and supplements. You may be asked to stop taking some medicines up to one week before the procedure like:
- অ্যাসপিরিন বা অন্যান্য প্রদাহ বিরোধী ওষুধ
- রক্ত পাতলাকারী, যেমন ক্লোপিডোগ্রেল (প্লাভিক্স) বা ওয়ারফারিন (কুমাদিন)
- Arrange for a ride home. Ask someone to help you at home.
- Eat a light meal the night before the surgery. Do not eat or drink anything after midnight.
এনেস্থেশিয়া
General anesthesia will be used in most cases. It will block any pain and keep you asleep through the surgery. It is given through an IV in your hand or arm.
পদ্ধতির বর্ণনা
The doctor will make an oval-shaped incision in the breast. The breast tissue, including the nipple and areola, will be removed. This will be done by cutting the tissue off of the underlying muscle. Nearby lymph nodes (toward the underarm) may also be removed. The doctor will then insert a tube to drain blood and fluids. Lastly, the area will be closed with stitches.
এতে কতক্ষণ সময় লাগবে?
1-3 hours
এটা আঘাত করবে?
Anesthesia will prevent pain during the procedure. You may have pain while recovering. You may also have numbness and a pinching or pulling feeling in the underarm area. Your doctor will give you pain medicine to help control this pain. If you are having a small area removed, you may not have much pain.
গড় হাসপাতালে থাকার
1-3 দিন
পোস্ট-প্রক্রিয়া যত্ন
হাসপাতালে
- If you had cancer and it has spread, chemotherapy and/or radiation may be needed.
- The drainage tubes may be removed in 1-2 days.
- Managing pain and nausea—You might require anti-nausea and pain medicines. You may be nauseated for a few hours after surgery and may not be able to eat normally. Therefore, you may continue to receive fluids and sugar through an IV. For several days after surgery, you may need to eat a lighter, blander diet than usual.
- Preventing blood clots—You may be given special compression stockings to wear after surgery. These help to decrease the possibility of blood clots forming in your legs.
- Improving lung function—You may be asked to use an incentive spirometer. This is a device that helps you breathe deeply. It is important to breathe deeply and cough frequently to improve lung function after general anesthesia.
ঘরে
When you return home, do the following to help ensure a smooth recovery:
- Keep the area clean and dry.
- If you have drainage tubes, empty the drains and measure the fluid. Tell your doctor if you have any problems.
- Avoid vigorous activity for about six weeks.
- Work with a physical therapist. Therapy may involve shoulder and arm exercises.
- কখন গোসল করা, গোসল করা বা জলে ভিজানো নিরাপদ সে সম্পর্কে আপনার ডাক্তারকে জিজ্ঞাসা করুন।
- আপনার ডাক্তারের নির্দেশাবলী অনুসরণ করতে ভুলবেন না।
- If you have had lymph nodes removed, take these precautions to avoid fluid accumulation and infection:
- Elevate the affected arm.
- Perform range of motion activities with the arm. Start slowly.
- Do not have blood pressure taken, blood drawn, or shots given in that arm.
- Wear gloves to do dishes, household scrubbing, and yard work.
- Do not wear anything tight on that arm, including elastic in sleeves.
- Do not carry anything heavy with that arm.
- Use moisturizer on that arm.
- Use an electric shaver to shave your armpits.
- Do not get a sunburn.
Recovery will take about six weeks. You will see your doctor within 7-14 days after the surgery. Your doctor will discuss the results and further treatment. About a month after surgery, you can begin wearing a light-weight prosthetic breast. You can be fitted for a more permanent one when the incision area has healed. If you wantbreast reconstruction surgery, talk to your doctor.
আপনার ডাক্তারকে কল করুন
আপনি হাসপাতাল ছেড়ে যাওয়ার পরে, নিম্নলিখিতগুলির মধ্যে যেকোনটি ঘটলে আপনার ডাক্তারের সাথে যোগাযোগ করুন:
- জ্বর এবং ঠাণ্ডা সহ সংক্রমণের লক্ষণ
- লালভাব, ফোলাভাব, ক্রমবর্ধমান ব্যথা, অত্যধিক রক্তপাত, বা কাটা স্থান থেকে স্রাব
- কাশি, শ্বাসকষ্ট, বুকে ব্যথা
- বমি বমি ভাব এবং/অথবা বমি যা আপনি অস্ত্রোপচারের পরে দেওয়া ওষুধ দিয়ে নিয়ন্ত্রণ করতে পারবেন না, বা যা হাসপাতাল থেকে ছাড়ার পরে দুই দিনের বেশি সময় ধরে থাকে
- Redness, warmth, swelling, stiffness, or hardness in the arm or hand on the side of the body where the lymph nodes were removed
- Swelling and/or pain in your legs
- নতুন, ব্যাখ্যাতীত উপসর্গ
- Lumps or skin changes in remaining tissue on mastectomy side
- Lumps, skin changes, or nipple drainage in remaining breast
- বিষণ্ণতা
জরুরী পরিস্থিতিতে, অবিলম্বে চিকিৎসা সহায়তার জন্য কল করুন।