সংজ্ঞা
Leptospirosis is a rare and contagious bacterial infection that can be very serious. The infection is caused by the bacterium called Leptospira. Leptospirosis is most common in warm, tropical conditions and can affect any part of the body. With prompt and proper treatment, prognosis is usually good. If untreated, complications may develop that can potentially be fatal.
কারণসমূহ
Leptospirosis is caused by contact with fresh water, wet or dampened soil, or vegetation that has been soiled by urine from an infected animal.
When contact is made with the contaminated material, the bacteria enter the body through open sores or wounds in the skin, or through mucous membranes. People can also contract leptospirosis by drinking water that has been contaminated by the urine of an infected animal.
Once the bacterium has entered the body, it flows into the bloodstream and throughout the body, causing infection.
ঝুঁকির কারণ
A risk factor is something that increases your chance of getting a disease or condition. Anyone can contract leptospirosis, but the following people are at an increased risk of developing leptospirosis:
- Canoeists
- Rafters
- Swimmers (in lakes, rivers, and streams)
- Workers in flood plains
- Workers in wet agricultural settings
- People who have pets, particularly dogs or livestock
- People who work with the land, including farmers, ranchers, loggers, and rice-field workers
- People who work with animals, including veterinarians
লক্ষণ
Symptoms typically appear about 10 days after infection and may include one or more of the following:
- Sudden fever, rigors, pain, and headache
- শুষ্ক কাশি
- Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
- Conjunctivitis (pink eye)
- জয়েন্টগুলোতে ব্যাথা
- গলা ব্যথা
- Painful bones
- পেটে ব্যথা
- Enlarged spleen, liver, or lymph glands
- অনমনীয় পেশী
- Rash on the skin
রোগ নির্ণয়
আপনার ডাক্তার আপনার উপসর্গ এবং চিকিৎসা ইতিহাস সম্পর্কে জিজ্ঞাসা করবেন এবং একটি শারীরিক পরীক্ষা করবেন।
পরীক্ষায় নিম্নলিখিতগুলি অন্তর্ভুক্ত থাকতে পারে:
- Blood test to determine the presence of antibodies to the Leptospira bacterium
- Cultures or other laboratory tests
চিকিৎসা
আপনার জন্য সেরা চিকিত্সা পরিকল্পনা সম্পর্কে আপনার ডাক্তারের সাথে কথা বলুন। চিকিত্সার বিকল্পগুলির মধ্যে রয়েছে:
- Antibiotics, including:
- Penicillin
- টেট্রাসাইক্লিন
- Chloramphenicol
- এরিথ্রোমাইসিন
প্রতিরোধ
To help reduce your chances of getting leptospirosis, take the following steps:
- Reduce contact with soil, vegetation, and water that could possibly be contaminated with infected animal urine, including urine from rodents.
- If working with materials that could potentially be contaminated, wear protective clothing that covers the skin, including waterproof boots or waders.
- If working in an especially high-risk area, talk to your doctor about beginning antibiotic treatment before potential exposure.