تعريف
A prostate biopsy is the removal of a small amount of tissue from the prostate gland. The tissue is examined to determine whether there is cancer.
أسباب هذا الإجراء
A prostate biopsy is usually done after an abnormal finding by:
- فحص المستقيم الرقمي
- Prostate specific antigen blood test
A prostate biopsy is the only way to find out if cancer cells are present.
المضاعفات المحتملة
Complications are rare. But, no procedure is free of risk. If you are planning to have a prostate biopsy, your سيقوم الطبيب بمراجعة القائمة of possible complications. These complications may include:
- العدوى
- Bruising or lengthy bleeding from the rectum or in urine or semen
- Difficulty urinating
- Reactions to anesthesia
تشمل العوامل التي قد تزيد من خطر حدوث مضاعفات ما يلي:
- التدخين
- History of bleeding disorders or easy bruising
- Use of any medications, over-the-counter medicines, or herbal supplements
- Sensitivity or allergy to latex, medicines, or anesthesia
تأكد من مناقشة هذه المخاطر مع طبيبك قبل الإجراء.
ما يمكن توقعه
قبل الإجراء
You may be asked to do the following:
- التحدث مع طبيبك عن الأدوية الخاصة بك. قد يطلب منك التوقف عن تناول بعض الأدوية تصل إلى أسبوع واحد قبل العملية مثل:
- الأدوية المضادة للالتهابات (مثل الأسبرين)
- سيولة الدم, مثل كلوبيدوجريل (بلافيكس) أو الوارفارين (الكومادين)
- Begin taking an antibiotic if advised by your doctor.
- Use an enema several hours before the procedure.
- If you will be getting general anesthesia, do not eat or drink anything after midnight.
التخدير
The type of anesthesia depends on the method that your doctor uses:
- Transurethral biopsy and perineal biopsy:
- General anesthesia —blocks pain and keeps you asleep through the surgery, given through an IV in your hand or arm
- Local anesthesia—just the area that is being operated on is numbed, given as an injection and may also be given with a sedative
- Transrectal prostate biopsy—local anesthesia
وصف الإجراء
Your doctor will use one of the following methods to do the biopsy:
- Transrectal biopsy (most common method)—Your doctor will insert a small ultrasound device into the rectum. This device will produce sound waves to create an image of the prostate. These images will help guide placement of the needle. Your doctor will then insert the needle through the wall of your rectum and into the prostate gland.
- Transurethral biopsy—Your doctor will insert a lighted flexible tube through the penis into the urethra. The urethra carries urine from the bladder. Your doctor will get the biopsy with a cutting loop that is passed through the flexible tube.
- Perineal biopsy—Your doctor will make a small incision in the perineum. The perineum is the area between the scrotum and the rectum. The doctor will insert a small needle into the prostate gland to get the biopsy.
كم من الوقت سيستغرق ؟
About 30 minutes
هل ستسبب الالم؟
You may have discomfort and soreness at the biopsy site.
الرعاية ما بعد الجراحة
When you return home after the procedure, do the following to help ensure a smooth recovery:
- Stay hydrated. Drink plenty of fluids for the next few days.
- Avoid difficult physical activity the day and evening of the procedure.
- تذكر that you may see blood in your urine, stool, or semen for several days.
- Ask your doctor when you can resume taking any blood-thinning medicine.
- اسأل طبيبك حول, عندما هي آمنة للاستحمام, السباحة, أو نقع في الماء.
- تأكد من اتباع تعليمات طبيبك.
After the sample is taken, it will be sent to a pathologist. This doctor will analyze the sample for cancer. If cancer is present, your doctor will work with you to develop a treatment plan.
استدعاء الطبيب
بعد وصوله الى المنزل ، اتصل بطبيبك إذا كان أي من الحالات التالية:
- Inability to urinate
- Blood in the urine more than 2-3 days post-biopsy
- علامات الإصابة, بما في ذلك حمى وقشعريرة
- ألم لا يمكنك السيطرة عليه بالأدوية التي أعطيت لك
- Pain, burning, urgency, or frequency of urination
- سعال أو ضيق في التنفس أو ألم في الصدر
- Rectal bleeding that lasts more than 2-3 days after the biopsy
في حالة الطوارئ ، اتصل على المساعدة الطبية على الفور.