Cholecystectomy Open Surgery Definition

Cholecystectomy is the surgical removal of the gallbladder. This organ is near the liver. It stores bile that is made by the liver. Bile helps in the digestion of fatty foods. The gallbladder releases bile into a system of ducts that lead to the small intestine.

The open version of this surgery is done when the surgeon may not be able to perform a less invasive version called laparoscopic جراحة.

الجراحة المفتوحة لاستئصال المرارة

أسباب هذا الإجراء

هذا surgery is used to remove a diseased or damaged gallbladder. The damage is typically caused by infection or inflammation. The damage is often due to gallstones, which are crystals of bile that can form in the gall bladder. Sometimes these get stuck in the ducts that bile normally flows through. This blockage in the ducts can damage the gallbladder and the liver.

المضاعفات المحتملة

Complications are rare, but no procedure is completely free of risk. If you are planning to have a cholecystectomy, your سيقوم الطبيب بمراجعة القائمة من المضاعفات المحتملة، والتي قد تشمل:

  • Gallstones that have entered the abdominal cavity
  • نزيف
  • العدوى
  • Injury to other nearby structures or organs
  • Reactions to general anesthesia
  • Blood clots

بعض العوامل التي قد تزيد من خطر المضاعفات تشمل:

  • العمر: 60 سنة أو أكثر
  • حمل
  • السمنة
  • التدخين
  • سوء التغذية
  • مرض مزمن أو حديث
  • مرض السكري
  • مشاكل في القلب أو الرئة
  • اضطرابات النزيف
  • Alcoholism and illegal drugs
  • Use of certain medicines

ما يمكن توقعه

قبل الإجراء

Your doctor will probably do some or all of the following:

  • Blood tests to evaluate liver function
  • Ultrasound to visualize gallstones
  • HIDA scan (hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid scan)—an x-ray test that uses a chemical injected into the gall bladder to create pictures of your liver, gallbladder, ducts, and small intestines
  • Other scans to better view the gallbladder
  • EKG and chest x-ray to make sure that your heart and lungs are healthy enough before surgery

المؤدية إلى الإجراء الخاص بك:

  • تحدث إلى طبيبك عن أدويتك الحالية. قد تحتاج بعض الأدوية إلى التوقف قبل الإجراء ، مثل:
    • الأدوية المضادة للالتهابات
    • الأدوية المسيلة للدم
  • Arrange for a ride to and from the procedure. Also arrange for help at home when you return from the hospital.
  • في الليلة السابقة ، تناول وجبة خفيفة. لا تأكل أو تشرب أي شيء بعد منتصف الليل.
  • You may be given laxatives and/or an enema to clean out your intestines.
  • You may be given antibiotics.
  • You may be asked to shower the morning before surgery. You may be given a special soap to use.

التخدير

General anesthesia will be used. You will be asleep for the procedure.

الوصف الداخلي

The doctor will make an incision in the upper right area of your abdomen. The gallbladder will be separated from the structures around it, including the liver, bile ducts, and arteries.

After the gallbladder is gone, your doctor may squirt dye into the bile ducts. This will help show if there is a gallstone in the ducts. The duct may be opened to remove any stones. While your abdomen is open, your doctor will examine the other organs and structures. This will be done to make sure that you do not have any other problems. The incision will be closed with sutures or staples. It will then be covered with a bandage.

Your doctor may place a tiny, flexible tube into the area where the gallbladder was removed. This tube will exit from your abdomen into a little bulb. This is to drain any fluids that may build during the first few days after surgery. The tube is usually removed within one week of your operation.

مباشرة بعد الإجراء

The gallbladder will be examined by a specialist. You will be taken to a room to recover. You will be monitored closely.

كم من الوقت سيستغرق ؟

About 30-60 minutes

كم هو مؤلم ؟

You will most likely feel some pain after the surgery. Your doctor will arrange for pain medicines.

متوسط ​​الإقامة في المستشفى

2-6 days

رعاية ما بعد العملية

في المستشفى

  • You will be monitored for problems.
  • You may need medicines for nausea.
  • You may have a nasogastric tube, which is a tube that will go from your nose, down your throat, and into your stomach. The tube will help to drain fluids and stomach acid. You will not be able to eat or drink until this is removed and you are no longer nauseated. You will continue to receive fluids and sugar through an IV.
  • When you are able to take things by mouth, you will be started on a liquid diet. Your diet will be progressed through soft foods to a regular diet.

في البيت

Recovery takes about 4-6 weeks.

عند العودة إلى المنزل ، قم بما يلي للمساعدة في ضمان التعافي السلس:

  • اسأل طبيبك حول, عندما هي آمنة للاستحمام, السباحة, أو نقع في الماء.
  • تأكد من اتباع تعليمات طبيبك.
  • You will get a diet and physical activity plan to help you through recovery. Following the plan will help your recovery.
  • Your liver will take over the functions of the gallbladder. Some people notice that they have a little more trouble digesting fatty foods, particularly for the first month after surgery.

استدعاء الطبيب

بعد مغادرة المستشفى ، اتصل بطبيبك في حالة حدوث أي مما يلي:

  • علامات الإصابة, بما في ذلك حمى وقشعريرة
  • احمرار أو تورم أو ألم متزايد أو نزيف مفرط أو إفرازات في موقع الشق
  • سعال وضيق في التنفس وألم في الصدر
  • زيادة آلام البطن
  • ألم لا يمكنك السيطرة عليه بالأدوية التي أعطيت لك
  • Blood in the stool
  • Nausea and/or vomiting that you cannot control with the medicines you were given after surgery, or which last for more than two days after you leave the hospital
  • Bloating and gas that last for more than a month
  • ألم أو حرقة أو إلحاح أو كثرة التبول أو ظهور دم في البول
  • ألم و/أو تورم في قدميك، أو ساقيك، أو ساقيك
  • Dark urine, light stools, or yellowing of the skin or eyes

في حالة الطوارئ ، اتصل على المساعدة الطبية على الفور.

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