تعريف
A foot fracture is a break in any of the bones in the foot.
The foot is made up of 26 small bones. The tarsus is the seven bones that make up the hindfoot and the midfoot. The forefoot consists of the five metatarsals and the 14 phalanges. There are two phalanges in the big toe and three in each of the remaining toes.
A foot fracture can happen in any foot bone, but metatarsal fractures are the most common.
أسباب
A foot fracture is caused by trauma to the bone. Trauma includes:
- السقوط
- Blows or object falling on the foot
- الاصطدامات
- Severe twists
When a bone is subjected to repeated stress over a long time, small cracks may form. These are called stress fractures. Certain bones (metatarsals and the talus) in the foot are at higher risk for this type of fracture.
عوامل الخطر
These factors increase your chance of developing a foot fracture. Tell your doctor if you have any of these risk factors:
- التقدم في السن
- انخفاض كتلة العضلات
- هشاشة العظام
- بعض حالات العظام الخلقية
- Abnormal or absent menstrual cycles
- Sudden change in activity or exercise program (such as, becoming a military recruit)
- High-impact or repetitive motion sports (such as, gymnastics, basketball, tennis, running)
الأعراض
تشمل الأعراض ما يلي:
- الألم، وغالبًا ما يكون شديدًا
- Bruising and swelling in the injured area
- Numbness in toes or foot
- Decreased range of motion
- Inability to walk comfortably
- وجود كتلة أو تشوه واضح فوق موقع الكسر
التشخيص
The doctor will ask about your symptoms, physical activity, and how the injury occurred. The injured area will be examined and an x-ray of the foot will be done.
العلاج
Depending on how severe the injury is treatment will involve:
- Putting the pieces of the bone back in place, which may require anesthesia and/or surgery
- الحفاظ على القطع معًا بينما يشفي العظم نفسه
Nonsurgical Treatment
In a less severe foot fracture, the bones can be realigned without surgery. You may only need crutches and stiff-soled shoes to protect the fracture. Toes may be splinted together by taping to protect the injured toe.
A more serious fracture may require a splint or cast to hold the bones in place. You will need to use crutches to help you walk.
جراحة
In certain severe cases, you will need surgery to realign the bones. The doctor may use a small metal plate with screws, screws alone, or pins to hold the bones in place while healing takes place. A cast or splint will be placed on the foot after surgery. You will need to use crutches to help you walk. The doctor will order more x-rays while the bone heals. This is to make sure the bones have not shifted.
تمارين
When your doctor decides you are ready, start lower body range-of-motion and strengthening exercises. You may be referred to a physical therapist to assist you with these exercises. Do not return to sports until your foot is fully healed.
وقت الشفاء
Metatarsal bones and the phalanges may heal in 3-6 weeks, but the tarsal bones will take 6-10 weeks to heal.
الوقاية
To prevent foot fractures:
- Always wear well-fitting, supportive athletic shoes when doing physical activity.
- Alternate your physical activities.
- Wear proper shoes for each type of activity to protect your feet.
- اتباع نظام غذائي غني بالكالسيوم وفيتامين د.
- Do weight-bearing exercises to build strong bones.
- قم ببناء عضلات قوية لمنع السقوط وللبقاء نشيطًا ورشيقًا.