تعريف
Dysarthria is a speech disorder that affects the muscles of the face, which become weak, move slowly, or do not move. It differs from aphasia, which is a language disorder.
أسباب
This condition can be caused by not being able to control and coordinate the muscles that you use to talk. This can result from:
- سكتة دماغية
- ورم في المخ
- Brain trauma
- العدوى
- Conditions that paralyze the face or cause weakness, such as Bell’s palsy
- Degenerative brain disease, such as:
- مرض الزهايمر
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
- تصلب متعدد
- Huntington’s chorea
- مرض الشلل الرعاش
- Neuromuscular disease, such as:
- Cerebral palsy
- تصلب متعدد
- Muscular dystrophy
- الوهن العضلي الوبيل
- Alcohol or drug abuse
- Surgery on the tongue
- Weakness of the tongue
- Structural problems such as not wearing your dentures
- Side effects of medications that act on the central nervous system
عوامل الخطر
Factors that increase your chance of developing dysarthria include:
- Being at high خطر الإصابة بالسكتة الدماغية
- Having a degenerative brain disease
- Having a neuromuscular disease
- Abusing alcohol or drugs
- Being older and having poor health
أخبر طبيبك إذا كان لديك أي من عوامل الخطر هذه.
الأعراض
Symptoms of dysarthria include:
- Speech that sounds:
- Slurred
- Hoarse, breathy
- Slow or fast and mumbling
- Soft like whispering
- Strained
- Nasal
- Suddenly loud
- سيلان اللعاب
- Difficulty chewing and swallowing
التشخيص
Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done, paying close attention to your:
- Ability to move your lips, tongue, and face
- Production of air flow for speech
Images may be taken of your brain. This can be done with:
- تصوير الرنين المغناطيسي
- الاشعة المقطعية
- فحص الحيوانات الأليفة
- Single-photon emission التصوير المقطعي (SPECT) scan
- Swallowing study, which may include x-rays and drinking a special liquid
The electrical function of your nerves or muscles may be tested. This can be done with:
- دراسة التوصيل العصبي
- Electromyogram
العلاج
تحدث مع طبيبك حول أفضل خطة علاجية لك. خيارات العلاج تشمل ما يلي:
- Addressing the cause of dysarthria, such as stroke
- Working with a speech language pathologist, which may focus on:
- Doing exercises to loosen the mouth area and strengthen the muscles for speech
- Improving how you articulate
- Learning how to speak slower
- Learning how to breath better so you can speak louder
- Working with family members to help them communicate with you
- Learning how to use communication devices
- Safe chewing or swallowing techniques, if needed
- Changing medicine
الوقاية
To help reduce your chance of getting dysarthria, take the following steps:
- Reduce your risk of stroke:
- اتمرن بانتظام.
- Eat more fruits and vegetables. Limit dietary salt and fat.
- إذا كنت تدخن ، توقف عن التدخين.
- يحافظ على a healthy weight.
- فحص ضغط الدم في كثير من الأحيان.
- Take a low dose of aspirin if your doctor recommends it.
- Keep chronic conditions under control.
- Call 911 if you have symptoms of a stroke, even if symptoms stop.
- If you have an alcohol or drug problem, get help.
- Ask your doctor if medicines you are taking could lead to dysarthria.
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