Definition
A skin ulcer is an open sore in the skin. Pyoderma gangrenosum is an uncommon form of skin ulcers. It usually occurs on the lower legs, but can occur anywhere on the skin.
Causes
Pyoderma gangrenosum is thought to be caused by a problem with the immune system. The immune system finds and attacks foreign items in the body like viruses. Sometimes the immune system attacks the body’s own tissue. In this case the immune system attacks an area of the skin.
Risk Factors
Pyoderma gangrenosum is more likely to occur in people who have other underlying medical conditions, such:
- Ulcerative colitis
- Crohn’s disease
- Chronic active hepatitis
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Polycythemia vera
- Myeloma
- Behcet’s syndrome
- Acute myelogenous leukemia
- Chronic myelogenous leukemia
Symptoms
The main symptom of pyoderma gangrenosum is a painful skin ulcer. These ulcers may begin as small irritated bump from an injury. However, the ulcer can grow up to 7.9 inches (20 centimeters). The ulcers often have purple edges that appear worn away.
Diagnosis
Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done. You may be referred to a skin specialist. Pyoderma gangrenosum is diagnosed by its appearance. Your doctor will also want to rule out other conditions that can cause skin ulcers.
To look for other factors that could cause ulcers, your doctor may order:
- Sample of ulcer fluids —to look for infection or items that can cause infection
- Biopsy —a sample of tissue
- Blood tests
Treatment
Talk with your doctor about the best treatment plan for you. Treatment options include:
Steroid Medications and Cyclosporine
Oral steroid medications and cyclosporine are the first line of treatment for most. These medications are used to help calm the body’s immune system. This should stop or slow the attack on the skin.
Smaller ulcers may be treated with a topical steroid cream or an injection.
Other Medications
There are a variety of medications that can help calm the immune system. Your doctor may choose other medications based on other medical conditions you may have. You may also be able to better tolerate some medications over others.
Talk to your doctor about which medications may work best for you.
Preventing New Ulcers
Ulcers often begin at the site of injuries. Take precaution to prevent injuries when possible. Wear proper safety gear and avoid high impact or full contact activities.
See your doctor as soon as you notice a possible ulcer.
Prevention
There is no known way to prevent pyoderma gangrenosum.